- Types of nervous cells
- Types of glial cells
- Neuronal cytoskeleton
- Fast and slow axonal transport
- Potassium, sodium and calcium ion channels
- Resting membrane potential
- Passive electrical properties of the neuron
- Action potential
- Neuromuscular synapse and its disorders
- Excitatory synapses
- Inhibitory synapses
- Temporal and spatial synaptic integration
- Ionotropic receptors
- Metabotropic receptors
- Transmitter synthesis and synaptic vesicles
- Transmitter release and uptake
- Acetylcholine
- Biogenic amine transmitters
- Amino acid transmitters
- Neuroactive peptides
- Anatomical organization of the spinal cord
- Anatomical organization of the medulla
- Anatomical organization of the midbrain
- Anatomical organization of the cerebellum
- Anatomical organization of the diencephalon
- Anatomical organization of the cerebral hemispheres
- Laminar organization of the cerebral cortex
- Columnar organization of the cerebral cortex
- Localization of cognitive functions within the cerebral cortex
- Functional imaging of cognitive functions
- Mechanoceptors, proprioceptors and thermal receptors
- Nociceptors and hyperalgesia
- Dorsal column – medial lemniscal system
- Anterolateral spinothalamic system
- Gate-control theory, opioid peptides and the endogenous pain control
- Thalamic syndrome and central pain
- Photoreceptors and phototransduction cascade
- Retinal visual processing
- Visual field and lesions in the retino-geniculo-cortical visual pathways
- Magnocellular and parvocellular central visual pathways
- Functional modules of the visual cortex
- Motion processing in the dorsal visual pathway
- Visual attention
- Object processing in the ventral visual pathway
- Stereoscopic perception
- Color vision
- Conscious awareness and the binding problem in the visual cortex
- Sensory transduction in the ear
- Functional anatomy of the cochlea
- Neural processing of auditory information
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Encoding of odorant information
- Olfactory pathways
- Pheromones
- Taste cells and qualities
- Organization of the motor system
- The motor unit
- Neurogenic diseases of the motor unit
- Myopathic diseases of the motor unit
- Diseases of the peripheral nerves
- The stretch reflex
- Alterations in reflex responses and muscle tone
- Locomotion patterns within the spinal cord
- Voluntary movements
- Gaze control
- Anatomical organization of the vestibular apparatus
- Vestibular reflexes and central vestibular pathways
- Posture control
- Vestibullocerebelar circuits and disorders
- Spinocerebellar circuits and disorders
- Cerebrocerebellar circuits and disorders
- Direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia
- Movement disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease)
- Roles of basal ganglia in the cognition and learning
- Brain stem reticular formation and cranial nerves
- Brain stem modulation of sensation, movement and consciousness
- Classification of the seizures and the epilepsies
- Disorders of sleep and wakefulness
- Hypothalamic control of the endocrine system
- The roles of amygdaloid complex in emotional states and feelings
- Depression, mania and anxiety disorders
- Addictive states and drug abuse
- Induction and patterning of the nervous system
- Generation and survival of nerve cells
- Guidance of axons to their targets
- Formation and regeneration of synapses
- Sensory experience and fine tuning of synaptic connections
- Single genes that have profound effects on behavior
- Sexual differentiation of the nervous system
- Hormone-induced modifications in the brain structure
- Aging of the brain and dementia
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Language development and organization of the brain areas related to language
- Types of aphasias and other language-related disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Explicit and implicit memory
- Habituation, sensitisation and conditioning
- Long-term potentiation and long-term depression
- Blood-brain barrier, brain edema and hydrocephalus
- Brain circulation and stroke
